New: Before the Chain — 7 African Empires · The Freedmen's Bureau

Essential Books

24 titles
Book

The Half Has Never Been Told

Edward Baptist, 2014

The definitive economic history of American slavery — how the forced labor of enslaved people was the engine of 19th-century U.S. capitalism. Essential for the Convict Leasing and Stolen Labor threads.

→ Stolen Labor · Cotton Economy
Book

The Color of Law

Richard Rothstein, 2017

Exhaustive documentation of how federal, state, and local governments explicitly enforced residential segregation across the 20th century. The single best companion to the Redlining and Displacement threads.

→ Redlining · Displacement · Wealth Gap
Book

Stamped from the Beginning

Ibram X. Kendi, 2016

A comprehensive intellectual history of racist ideas in America — from 15th-century Portuguese slave traders to the 21st century — tracing how racist policy has always preceded racist ideology.

→ Race Science · Blumenbach Thread
Book

The New Jim Crow

Michelle Alexander, 2010

The foundational text arguing that mass incarceration is a system of racialized social control that functions as a contemporary caste system — directly continuing the logic of Jim Crow.

→ Convict Leasing · Mass Incarceration
Book

The Warmth of Other Suns

Isabel Wilkerson, 2010

A sweeping narrative history of the Great Migration — six million Black Americans who fled the South from 1915 to 1970. Told through three individuals, it reveals the internal architecture of American apartheid.

→ Great Migration · Deindustrialization
Book

Between the World and Me

Ta-Nehisi Coates, 2015

Written as a letter to his son, Coates traces the physical vulnerability of the Black body in America from slavery to the present. Pairs with the Baldwin and Reparations threads.

→ Baldwin Thread · Reparations
Book

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution

Eric Foner, 1988

The definitive scholarly account of Reconstruction (1863–1877) — the period when Black Americans briefly exercised political power before a systematic counter-revolution dismantled it.

→ Reconstruction · Freedmen's Bureau
Book

Sundown Towns

James Loewen, 2005

Loewen documents how thousands of American towns deliberately excluded Black residents through violence, ordinances, and informal terror — revealing a geography of apartheid far beyond the South.

→ Redlining · Greenwood Pattern

Documentaries & Film

10 titles
Documentary

13th

Ava DuVernay, 2016 · Netflix

Traces the 13th Amendment's slavery exception — "except as a punishment for crime" — from Reconstruction through the convict leasing era, the War on Drugs, and mass incarceration. The visual companion to Chain's Convict Leasing thread.

→ Convict Leasing · Mass Incarceration
Documentary

Eyes on the Prize

Henry Hampton, 1987 · PBS

The landmark 14-part documentary on the American Civil Rights Movement, from Montgomery to the Jesse Jackson campaign. Unprecedented archival footage. Still the definitive primary visual record.

→ Civil Rights · Birmingham · Emmett Till
Documentary

I Am Not Your Negro

Raoul Peck, 2016

Built from James Baldwin's unfinished manuscript about Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr. A profound meditation on race, history, and the American imagination. Essential companion to the Baldwin thread.

→ Baldwin Thread
Documentary

The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution

Stanley Nelson, 2015

The most thorough documentary account of the Black Panther Party's rise and fall — from Oakland 1966 through COINTELPRO's systematic destruction of its leadership.

→ Black Panthers · COINTELPRO

Academic & Primary Sources

14 sources
Academic Paper

The Case for Reparations

Ta-Nehisi Coates — The Atlantic, 2014

The essay that reignited the modern reparations debate — centering not on slavery but on 20th-century redlining as the primary mechanism of wealth extraction. Grounded in the story of Clyde Ross.

→ Reparations · Redlining
Primary Source

Special Field Order No. 15

Gen. William Sherman, January 1865

The original order setting aside 400,000 acres of South Carolina and Georgia coastline for the exclusive use of formerly enslaved people — the origin of "40 acres and a mule." Reversed by Andrew Johnson six months later.

→ 40 Acres · Freedmen's Bureau
Report

Locked Out: Zoning, Race, and Housing Opportunity

Brookings Institution, 2019

Documents how exclusionary zoning — single-family requirements, minimum lot sizes, parking minimums — operates as a legal mechanism for residential segregation, continuing redlining's effects without explicit racial language.

→ Displacement · Housing Inequality
Primary Source

David Walker's Appeal (1829)

David Walker, 1829

The incendiary anti-slavery pamphlet that terrified Southern slaveholders and launched a new era of radical abolitionism — written 32 years before the Civil War. Full text available via the Library of Congress.

→ Abolitionism Thread

Know a resource we missed?

Chain is a living archive. If you know of a book, documentary, or primary source that should be here, we want to hear about it.