New thread: Before the slave trade — the civilizations, kingdoms, and intellectual traditions that were deliberately destroyed.

Learning paths

Start where
you are.

You don't need prior knowledge to start. Every path on Chain begins with a question, builds to a causal chain, and ends with a present-day consequence grounded in evidence. Pick the path that fits how you learn.

Browse learning paths → Start a thread

Structured paths

Choose your depth

Each path is a curated sequence of threads, encyclopedia entries, and primary sources — designed for a specific level of prior knowledge and time investment.

Beginner ~30 min

The Full Chain — An Overview

Start here if you're new. One thread, start to finish, that takes you from sovereign African civilizations through the slave trade, Reconstruction, federal housing policy, and the present-day wealth gap. No prior knowledge required.

1 Read: African Civilizations before the slave trade
2 Follow: The Redlining thread (8 chapters)
3 Explore: Then→Now — 1930s to present day
Intermediate ~90 min

Housing, Wealth & the Racial Gap

A deeper dive into the federal policies that built the racial wealth gap — from HOLC maps to the GI Bill to today's homeownership disparity. Connects structural policy decisions to present-day economic data.

1 Read: HOLC & FHA policy entries
2 Follow: Redlining thread, chapters 3–6
3 View: Redlining map & life expectancy overlay
4 Read: Richard Rothstein — The Color of Law
Beginner ~45 min

Africa Before the Chain Was Broken

Start where the story actually begins — with the sovereign kingdoms, intellectual traditions, and accumulated wealth of pre-colonial Africa. Understanding what existed before the slave trade changes how you understand everything that followed.

1 Read: Mali, Songhai, Kush, Benin — place entries
2 Explore: Mansa Musa I, Sundiata Keita, Queen Nzinga
3 View: African Kingdoms map
Intermediate ~75 min

From Emancipation to Mass Incarceration

How did the 13th Amendment's "punishment for crime" carve-out become a system that incarcerates Black Americans at five times the rate of white Americans? A path through Black Codes, convict leasing, the drug war, and mandatory minimums.

1 Read: 13th Amendment & Black Codes entries
2 View: Timeline — 1865 to present
3 Read: Michelle Alexander — The New Jim Crow
Educator Flexible

Classroom Starter — Grades 9–12

A structured 3-session sequence introducing students to causal historical thinking using the Redlining thread. Includes discussion guides, primary source excerpts, and formative assessment prompts aligned to Common Core ELA standards.

1 Session 1: What is a causal chain? (40 min)
2 Session 2: Follow the Redlining thread (50 min)
3 Session 3: Local history — find your city's HOLC map
Advanced Self-paced

Primary Sources & Methodology

For researchers, journalists, and historians. Full source citations, methodology notes, links to primary datasets (Slave Voyages, NCRC redlining data, Census historical records), and our editorial standards for causal claims.

1 Read: Our methodology and editorial standards
2 Access: Full source list by thread and entry
3 Link: SlaveVoyages, NCRC, EJI datasets

Go deeper

Essential reading

The books that shaped Chain's causal framework — each one cited across multiple threads. Start with any of them.

📘
The Color of Law
Richard Rothstein, 2017
The definitive account of how the federal government — not private prejudice — created American residential segregation through explicit racial policy. The backbone of the Redlining thread.
Redlining thread
📗
The New Jim Crow
Michelle Alexander, 2010
Traces the legal and political architecture of mass incarceration as a system of racial control — from the drug war through mandatory minimums to felon disenfranchisement. Essential for the Mass Incarceration thread.
Mass Incarceration thread
📙
The Half Has Never Been Told
Edward Baptist, 2014
Reframes American economic history: slavery wasn't peripheral — it was the engine. Documents how enslaved labor created the capital that funded the Industrial Revolution and built modern American wealth.
Stolen Labor thread
📕
Precolonial Black Africa
Cheikh Anta Diop, 1987
Foundational scholarship on the political and social structures of pre-colonial African states — the kingdoms that were deliberately erased from Western historical narratives to justify the slave trade. Essential for the Origins section.
African Origins
📒
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution
Eric Foner, 1988
The authoritative history of the Reconstruction era — what was achieved, who opposed it, and how its collapse shaped the next 150 years of American politics. Every Chain thread about the post-Civil War period builds on Foner's scholarship.
Multiple threads
📓
Stamped from the Beginning
Ibram X. Kendi, 2016
A comprehensive history of racist ideas in America — from colonial era to the present — tracing how ideas were constructed to justify policy, not the other way around. Provides the ideological layer that sits beneath the structural threads.
Foundation reading